Is Digitonin reversible?

After resealing of the membrane, the cells showed upregulation of OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG expression. Our results suggest that reversible permeabilization with digitonin can be used to induce nuclear reprogramming and to activate pluripotent genes by a cell-free system.

How does Digitonin permeabilize cells?

Digitonin is used as the cell-permeabilizing agent as it is a weak nonionic detergent, which at low concentrations selectively renders the plasma membrane permeable, causing it to release cytosolic components but to leave other organelles intact.

Does Digitonin Permeabilize the nucleus?

Nuclear envelope is permeabilized by digitonin treatment The concentration of digitonin as well as the incubation time with the detergent has to be optimized.

Which method is used to measure respiratory efficiency of cells in cell culture?

Extracellular flux (XF) analysis has become a mainstream method to measure bioenergetic function in cells and tissues. While this technique is commonly used to measure energetics in intact cells, we outline here a detailed XF protocol for measuring respiration in permeabilized cells.

What is Digitonin extraction?

Extraction with digitonin, at the optimal concentration and perfusion time, simultaneously maintains both the cytoskeleton and membranous organelles inside the cell and provides a method to elucidate the interactions between these two components.

What is digitonin extraction?

What is spare respiratory capacity?

The term reserve respiratory capacity or spare respiratory capacity is used to describe the amount of extra ATP that can be produced by oxidative phosphorylation in case of a sudden increase in energy demand.

How do you dissolve digitonin in water?

Solubilizing in water: Soluble in boiling water (1g/10 ml). Heat for 15 minutes @ 98°C. Cool and place @ 4°C for 3 hrs and filter off any precipitate.

How do you dissolve digitonin?

dissolve 1 g/57 ml in absolute ethanol and 1 g/220 ml in 95% ethanol, respectively. Stock solutions of digitonin (e.g. 10 % w/v or 1 mg/ml) in water or buffer (e.g. pH 7.2 – 7.5) may be prepared by heating (95 – 100°C) or vortexing, until a clear solution is obtained.

What is the purpose of Permeabilization?

Permeabilization. The permeabilization step removes more cellular membrane lipids to allow large molecules like antibodies to get inside the cell.

How does digitonin concentration affect membrane permeabilization?

Tuning of digitonin concentration allowed selective permeabilization of plasma and mitochondrial membranes. This was studied by analyzing the release of extramitochondrial and mitochondrial marker enzymes on treatment with different concentrations of the agent. Solely the plasma membrane was permeabilized by using 0.01-0.02% (w/v) digitonin.

What is digitonin-permeabilized cell assay?

The digitonin-permeabilized cell assay can be used to mimic interphase nuclear transport under different cellular conditions with many different substrates. In Chapter 16, Kimura et al. describe the application of the digitonin-permeabilized cell system for substrate determination using MS/MS.

Is permeabilization an effective way to measure subcellular enzyme activity?

Permeabilization was evaluated as a rapid method to prepare mammalian cells for subcellular enzyme activity measurement. It was observed that enzymes can be measured directly in cell suspensions permeabilized by Triton X-100 and digitonin with various concentrations.

How do you permeabilize a cell membrane?

Permeabilizing the cells through methanol or acetone fixation, or with the use of a detergent, allows antibodies to pass through the cellular membrane and enter the cell. The most common reagent used for cell permeabilization is non-ionic detergent, Triton X-100. Other milder permeabilizing agents include digitonin or related saponin compounds.